Weak growth outlook hurting the euro today

How quickly the market has moved on from President Obama’s re-election! Focus is back squarely on the eurozone and sterling has enjoyed another nudge higher against the euro as the latter has been sold-off quite aggressively.

What’s behind this fresh euro-weakness? German industrial production data for the month of September has come in at an alarming -1.8% this morning, which represents a five-month low. To make things worse, eurozone retail sales data also revealed an unexpected contraction this morning.

The EU Commission has also added extra weight to the single currency, by releasing pessimistic growth forecasts for the eurozone.  It sees eurozone GDP shrinking by 0.4% this year, before growing by just 0.1% next year. Greece is to contract by a staggering 6.0% this year and by another 4.2% next year. EU Commissioner Rehn sounded distinctly downbeat in his press conference today, citing tightening credit conditions and weakening demand.

GBP/EUR climbed to a five-week high of €1.2530, whilst EUR/USD fell to nearly a two-month low of $1.2735. We have been citing downside risks to the euro on the basis of the eurozone’s dire economic outlook for some time now. The increasing evidence of Germany’s decline is making the market stand up and take notice. Watch out for tonight’s Greek austerity vote, as the euro could get some relief if, as it should do (though only just), the Greek parliament approves the latest austerity proposals. 

Richard Driver,

Currency Analyst

Caxton FX

November Outlook: Euro set to decline

After some weak figures from the UK economy to kick October off, we have enjoyed a pretty steady flow of positive domestic news. The highlight has been the recent preliminary UK GDP figure for Q3, which indicated growth of 1.0%, almost doubling expectations. With headlines surrounding the UK economy’s emergence from recession, sterling has enjoyed some renewed interest, though with domestic growth so far this year almost completely flat, you don’t have to look far to find the sceptics.

As far as the US economy is concerned, conditions are certainly perking up. The recent advance US GDP figure for Q3 revealed annualised growth of 2.0%, so it was a case of anything the UK can do, the US can do better.  The Fed will also be encouraged by significant improvements in the US labour market. It appears that the recovery of the world’s No.1 economy from its mid-year slump, albeit later than expected, is well under way. Nonetheless, the risk of the US fiscal cliff continues to pose serious threats to US and indeed global growth in 2013.

It has been fairly quiet on the eurozone front in recent weeks. Spain remains frustratingly tight-lipped on the issue of a bailout request. However, we are heading into a crucial week in which the Greek parliament will decide whether or not to approve an austerity package that is essential to the release of the country’s next tranche of aid.

GBP/EUR

Sterling benefits as UK exits recession

Sterling spent much of October under pressure against the euro, with no major panic headlines emerging out of the debt crisis. Disappointing domestic data also kept sterling pinned well below the €1.25 level for long periods, with the services, construction and manufacturing sector updates all disappointing.

However, we have seen a decent turnaround in figures in the past fortnight or so, which has provided sterling with renewed support. The labour market continues to make impressive strides, as shown by the unexpected dip in the UK unemployment rate to a 13-month low of 7.9%, while retail sales were also in good shape in September. These figures were topped off by a 1.0% preliminary UK GDP figure, which was well above the 0.6% estimates that were prevailing in the build-up. With the data revealing that the negative growth that dominated the first half of the year has been recouped, the UK government enjoyed a rare sigh of relief.

MPC to vote against QE this month

This all leaves the Bank of England interestingly poised in terms of its next move. MPC members have been quick to warn that we can expect a much weaker growth figure from the fourth quarter, once the temporary factors of the Olympics and the bounce back from the extra Q2 Jubilee bank holiday are discounted. However, judging by the minutes from last month’s MPC meeting, not only is the MPC split on the desirability of another dose of quantitative easing, but there appears to be plenty of scepticsm with respect to the usefulness of such a move. In addition, there have been hints that the government’s Funding for Lending initiative, where bank lending is incentivised, is making a real difference.

There is plenty of reason to suspect that last quarter’s GDP figure was a temporary surge for an economy that still needs nurturing back to health. The latest updates from the services sector suggests the UK has made a soft start to Q4 but we nevertheless expect the MPC doves to fail to muster a majority vote in favour of QE this week.

Greece vote gets euro nerves jangling again

As far as the euro is concerned, focus has centred on the familiar issues of Greece, Spain and deteriorating eurozone growth. Greece will dominate the eurozone headlines this week, with PM Samaras presenting a controversial package of fresh austerity measures which will be voted on by the Greek parliament later this week. The vote will come right down to the wire, though we are expecting the package to be approved.

We are sticking to the ‘muddling through” assumption that Greece will do what is demanded of it and in turn will receive some concessions, along the lines of lower interest rates, extended loan maturities and extended austerity deadlines. The stakes are simply too high to allow the Greek saga to blow up again.

With Spanish bond yields coming away from the dangerous 7.0% mark in the aftermath of ECB President Draghi’s pledge to buy up unlimited peripheral debt, the pressure on PM Rajoy to request a bailout has eased somewhat. However, the market is likely to take an increasingly dim view of Rajoy’s ongoing procrastination through November (talk has emerged that he will wait until next year). Ratings agency Moody’s handed Spain some breathing space last month, sparing it the blow of downgrading its debt to ‘junk’ status but there is little doubt it will wield its axe once again if progress fails to emerge.

As ever, major concerns are stemming from the deteriorating state of eurozone growth, as the region is dealt round after round of austerity. Whilst the ECB now looks set to hold off from cutting interest rates until next year, declining demand from peripheral eurozone nations continues to filter into weakness in the eurozone’s core. German figures were yet again poor in October, compounding fears that the powerhouse economy is heading into recession. The region’s declining economy is really showing few bright spots, while the headlines out of the UK economy contrastingly highlight its re-emergence from recession.

Sterling is trading just below the key €1.25 (80p) level and direction from here over the coming weeks will really depend on whether the pound can make a sustained move north of this benchmark. We can’t discount another move back down towards €1.23 but we maintain expectations for this pair to move above €1.25 in the coming weeks.

GBP/USD

Dollar to benefit from upturn in US growth

Sterling has traded very positively against the USD in recent weeks but has finally suffered a downward correction in the past week. GBP/USD is still only a couple of cents off April’s multi-month highs above $1.62 with stronger UK data and diminishing risks of QE providing the pound with plenty of support at $1.60, just when a move back down to the $1.50s has looked on the cards.

The USD is attracting increased demand at present on the back of some strong US economic figures. The US unemployment rate fell to 7.8% in September, the lowest level seen in almost four years (though this bounced up to 7.9% in October). The advance US GDP figure for the third quarter came in above expectations at 2.0% (annualised), powered by a surge in consumer spending and a temporary boost from defence spending. November’s excellent employment update, suggests we can expect further improvements over Q4.

Global concerns to highlight dollar’s safe-haven status

With the fiscal cliff a month closer, so too are the risks of a massive hit to US growth. This in our view will increase appetite for the safe-haven US dollar as we approach year-end. Meanwhile, we are struggling for progress on the Spanish debt/growth problem and broader concerns with global growth should also underpin the greenback.

Whilst the US Federal Reserve is engaging in QE3, the US economy is still outpacing the UK by some distance and we believe this will soon be reflected in some dollar strength. The UK’s last GDP figure may have been impressive (1.0% in Q3) but looking at the year to date, growth has essentially flat lined and with the eurozone recession deepening, major risks to domestic growth remain.

This week’s US Presidential election makes short-term swings highly probable and highly unpredictable. Not only is it unclear how the dollar will react to whoever wins but there is also the issue of which party will control Congress. Our conservative bet is that the status quo will broadly remain, with Obama emerging victorious but with doubts remaining over his ability to strike a deal to avert the fiscal cliff. We maintain our position that that we will see this pair spend most of the rest of the year below $1.60. Sterling’s two-month low of $1.5920 should be tested soon and we believe this will ultimately be broken, paving the way for move back into the mid-$1.50s.

1-month Outlook

GBP/USD:  1.58

GBP/EUR: 1.2550

EUR/USD: 1.26

Richard Driver 

Currency Analyst

Caxton FX

Caxton FX Weekly Round-Up: GBP, EUR, USD

Standard and Poor's cuts Spanish credit rating but Rajoy still delaying 

Rating agency Standard and Poor’s cut Spain’s credit rating by another two notches last week, which puts the country’s debt only one notch above ‘junk’ status. Moody’s already has Spain at this level but when it publishes its report in a fortnight, the market response could be very negative indeed if it does in fact downgrade Spain to junk territory. Speculation that Standard and Poor's axe wielding would prompt an aid request from Spain intensified last week but the latest reports suggest that not only will Rajoy wait until after regional elections on October 21 but he will wait until November before officially requesting a bailout. More delay then, though at least we have an idea of timescales.

Interestingly though, Spain’s bailout looks set to become part of a larger package containing a bailout for Cyprus and an amended loan package for Greece. This will relieve EU officials of the requirement to repeatedly obtain approval from the eurozone’s national parliaments. In terms of the eurozone’s other key problem child, a Greek deal on a new austerity package is likely to be agreed in time for this week’s EU Summit, which should help to set market nerves at rest with respect to the next tranche of Greek aid.

In terms of eurozone data this week ,we have a key German economic sentiment gauge released on Tuesday, which looks likely to improve slightly, though probably not enough to trigger any rally for the euro.

Big week of UK announcements ahead 

Last week brought a lull in terms of UK news. We learnt UK manufacturing production underperformed in August and that the UK trade deficit widened quite dramatically, but the week ahead brings plenty of key domestic figures. UK inflation is set to take another sharp downturn, which could well embolden the more dovish members of the MPC to vote for more QE next month. The minutes from the last MPC meeting are also released on Wednesday, which may be slightly more downbeat based on September’s weak PMI growth figures. This could potentially hurt the pound if it is enough to convince investors that a few members will be swayed to vote for more QE in November.

UK labour data looks set to be solid again on Wednesday, while we should also see some better growth from the UK retail sector. The market will watch all these figures closely but one eye will be kept on next week’s (October 25) initial Q3 UK GDP estimate. This is the next major event for sterling this month.

We are expecting plenty of range-bound trading this week, with EU leaders set to put off major announcements until next month. Having failed once again ahead of $1.61, GBP/USD looks set to return to the $1.60 level. We are sticking to our guns in terms of our predictions that when this pair does finally make a sustained break away from the $1.60 level, it will be to the downside. The euro continues to look tired as it approaches the $1.30 level and a dip below $1.29 looks possible this week.

Sterling is struggling to sustain any significant gains against the euro. We expect the €1.2350 will provide plenty of support in the sessions to come, so we’d view current levels to strong ones at which to sell the euro. A break higher back up towards €1.26 isn’t out of the question this month.

End of week forecast
GBP / EUR 1.2450
GBP / USD 1.5975
EUR / USD 1.2850
GBP / AUD 1.5800

Richard Driver
Currency Analyst
Caxton FX

October Monthly Outlook: GBP/EUR and GBP/USD

Sterling to benefit from resurgent UK economy

From the eurozone, September’s two key events were ECB President Draghi’s announcement of his long-awaited bond-buying plan and the German Constitutional Court’s decision to approve the permanent bailout fund. Since then, there has been a real lack of any further concrete developments, which has understandably frustrated many market players and caused some risk aversion. As the next major event in the timeline of the eurozone debt crisis, speculation over the imminence of a Spanish bailout request is dominating market thinking at present. PM Rajoy does not actually appear to be much closer to making a formal request; he looks likely to wait until after Spanish regional elections to be held on October 21.

From the US, we have finally seen Ben Bernanke deliver what the market has been waiting for – more support for the US economy in the form of QE3. The move was priced in to a large extent but the dollar has been unable to stage any significant recovery in the immediate aftermath of the Fed’s announcement.

Conditions here in the UK continue to look a little brighter, though understandably many investors will still need further positive evidence to be truly convinced that the economy is on a path to a sustained recovery. However, with the Japanese and US central banks engaging in QE in September and the European Central Bank also taking monetary easing measures of its own (though rather more unconventional), the market is beginning to look more favourably upon the pound again.

GBP/EUR

Spanish delays will hurt the euro

Sterling has made a decent recovery against the euro in recent weeks, after what was quite a sharp decline as a result of the optimism that followed the announcement of the ECB’s bond-buying plan. There has been a positive response to some of the UK figures that have emerged in recent weeks; trade balance data revealed a dramatic rise in exports to destinations outside the EU, suggesting UK businesses are adapting to deteriorating eurozone demand. Meanwhile, UK unemployment figures continue to defy the overall weak picture of UK economic growth by making significant strides. From retail sales data to public sector borrowing figures, the UK economy has been beating market expectations time and again and this is filtering into some sterling strength. Another positive has emerged with the latest upward revision to the UK’s Q2 GDP figure to -0.4%, considerably better than the original estimate of -0.7%. Hopes are high for a very strong showing for the Q3 UK GDP figure released on October 26.

The minutes from the MPC’S September meeting revealed a unanimous vote against further QE (for now). The decision in favour of leaving the BoE 0.5% base rate unchanged was also unanimous. The fact that one MPC policymaker saw a good case for QE in September did not go unnoticed but as things stand, the Bank of England is understandably in wait-and-see mode. In light of the increased room for domestic optimism and the easing of financial conditions in the eurozone in recent weeks, it will not come as much of a surprise to learn that we are not expecting any fresh monetary easing measures from the Bank of England this month. November is likely to see the Bank assess its options much more carefully though.

Coinciding with strong economic figures has been an increased appetite for the pound as a relative safe-haven. Gilt yields have declined in recent sessions as investors attempt to take cover from renewed uncertainties from the eurozone and as usual this has boosted the pound by association. With the QE decisions from the US Federal Reserve and the Bank of Japan in September, sterling has climbed a little higher up many investors’ wish lists in recent weeks.

Putting improved UK conditions to one side, the major factor behind GBP/EUR’s climb in the past month has been a shift in sentiment against the euro, as is predominantly the case when this pair climbs. The market relief that followed the ECB’s commitment to buy unlimited quantities of distressed peripheral debt has well and truly worn off. Investors have refocused on the major issues facing Spain and Greece in particular.

PM Rajoy has thus far snubbed the opportunity to take advantage of the ECB’s offer to purchase Spanish debt, fully aware of the austerity demands that will accompany such intervention. Rajoy is under enormous pressure domestically, with the rich Catalonia region demanding independence and fierce protests taking place in Madrid over existing austerity measures. The market is likely to have to wait until after regional elections held on October 21 for Rajoy to bite the bullet, which leaves a good three weeks of frustration ahead. That said, if rating agency Moody’s cuts Spain’s credit rating to ‘junk’ status, then a spike in Spanish bond yields could force Rajoy’s hand a little sooner.

Greek saga remains volatile

The situation in Greece also remains typically uncertain. October is an important month too, with some chunky bond repayments maturing. Disagreements not only exist between Greece and the Troika (EU, ECB and IMF) but between the IMF and the EU. With the Greek debt profile blown even further off track by a deeper than expected recession, the IMF is now pushing for another Greek debt restructuring in order to get its debt sustainability back on track. Unsurprisingly, more ‘haircuts’ is not at the top of the EU’s list of priorities.

It looks as if there is some consensus over giving Greece an additional two years to meet its targets and the government appears to have been reached an agreement for €13.5bn in additional spending cuts that they hope will unlock the vital next tranche of aid. However, the agreement still needs Troika approval and would need to be approved by the Greek parliament, which amid violent public protests in Athens is no dead cert. Speculation has surrounded the need for a third Greek bailout but this option looks to be a non-starter as it would require parliamentary approval from individual member states. The bottom line is that Greece may well leave the eurozone but EU leaders are unlikely to let this happen while conditions in Spain remain so tense. The pressure for stronger signs of progress will be turned up once again at the next EU Summit on October 18-19.

Sterling has recouped its mid-September losses against the euro and is back trading above the €1.25 level. With market confidence so shaky at present, any concrete progress - most importantly from Spain in the form of a bailout request – will likely give the euro a significant lift. However, our baseline scenario is that this will not occur and that sentiment will continue to weaken towards the euro, helping sterling to build on its domestic economic resurgence and resume its uptrend against the euro.

GBP/USD

Dollar to strengthen despite QE3

The US Federal Reserve finally pulled the trigger on QE3 in September, which meant it was another very soft month for the US dollar. There have been some bright spots amongst US figures in the past month, with trade balance, retail sales and consumer confidence figures all showing some improvements. However, there has been plenty of evidence of continued economic weakness to support Ben Bernanke’s decision to turn the printing presses back on; last month’s key employment update gave little to cheer about. In addition, the final US GDP figure for Q2 was sharply and unexpectedly revised down to 1.3% from 1.7%.

The issues of weak US economic growth and a long period of quantitative easing are by no means at the top of most investors’ list of concerns. The US dollar has strengthened a little in the past fortnight, amid waning euphoria surrounding the QE3 announcement and the ECB’s pledge to purchase peripheral debt. Spain has not asked for a bailout, Greece has not secured its next tranche of aid and growth across the world is slowing. These are all dollar-friendly factors and the slowdowns being seen in China and the eurozone (including Germany) are of particular concern.

Whilst UK growth data has been remarkably positive in recent weeks, the ongoing fragility of the UK recovery has already been highlighted this week by a weaker than expected manufacturing figure. If sterling is to avoid another short-term sell-off against the US dollar, the UK services figure released on October 3 must be firm. However, sterling should get plenty of support in the form of the preliminary Q3 UK GDP figure released on October 26; we are looking for a robust quarterly showing of around +0.6%.

As things stand, sterling is trading almost two cents below September’s 13-month high of $1.63 and we think this high will remain a ceiling for this pair. Regardless of QE3, we see plenty of scope for increased demand for the safe-haven US dollar. We are still anticipating weakness in the EUR/USD pair, which should send GBP/USD back below $1.60 in October. 

Richard Driver

Currency Analyst

Caxton FX

Caxton FX Weekly Round-Up: Spanish bailout issue to weigh on euro

Market frustrations with Spain on the rise

Spanish PM Rajoy’s failure thus far to accept the inevitable and make a formal request for a bailout has weighed on the euro in recent sessions. The week ahead brings plenty of interest; we are due to see Spain’s draft budget for 2013, the results of the Spanish banking sector’s recent stress tests and an economic reform programme that is likely to be a prelude to a bailout package. Even if these developments are welcomed by the market, we still think that Rajoy will wait until after Spain’s regional elections on October 21, which leaves several more weeks of uncertainty and frustration. This should delay any further euro rallies.

On the Greek front, we have seen some alarming headlines that the budget deficit is nearly twice as large as initially estimated. Talks between Greece and the Troika are now on a one week hiatus, so the market is left with alarming rumours of the need for a third Greek bailout and another Greek debt restructuring. The option of granting Greece more time to meet its bailout targets is gaining support but at this stage we are very much in speculation territory.

Concerns over eurozone growth have returned to the fore this week, after another awful German business climate survey. The risks of a German recession are rising, a development which the periphery can ill-afford.

Sterling firm ahead of final GDP number

The pound is performing well across the board at present. Eurozone concerns have returned after an August lull, while the central banks of Japan and the US have both eased monetary policy further, leaving sterling to reap the rewards. In addition, UK data has improved in recent weeks and the BoE seems to be content for the time being to delay any further QE of its own.

Sterling should be able to hang on to its recent gains against the euro and perhaps even build upon them, provided that Thursday’s final UK GDP number for Q2 does not suffer a downward revision to the already worrying   -0.5% reading. This release, which is likely to remain unrevised, is the only major event on the domestic calendar this week. By and large, the market’s gaze will be firmly fixed upon Spain.

US dollar soft after QE3 decision but continues to look poised for a bounce

Sterling remains at heady heights close to a 13-month high against the US dollar, thanks in no small part to the Fed’s decision to do a third round of QE earlier this month. However, the dollar’s behaviour since the decision suggests the move was more than a little bit priced in. Certainly the pound has climbed against the greenback but it has really stalled at the $1.63 level, so much so that we expect the rate to fall back in the coming weeks (provided that Rajoy doesn’t surprise us with an early bailout request)

End of week forecast

GBP / EUR	1.2625
GBP / USD	1.6150
EUR / USD	1.2800
GBP / AUD	1.5600

Risk appetite is pretty weak at present and the flow of news out of the eurozone is predominantly very negative. There remain disagreements over the EU banking union, over the legality of the ECB’s bond-buying programme, over the cession of Catalonia from Spain and much more besides. With this in mind, the GBP/USD rate’s ceiling of $1.63 looks likely to hold firm in the coming sessions. Meanwhile against the euro, sterling looks better placed to climb further. A move back up above €1.26 is a likely one this week.

Richard Driver

Currency Analyst

Caxton FX

Sterling set for a tough month

As has been the case for many months, eurozone concerns dominated market sentiment in July, so much so that the euro hit fresh multi-month lows across the exchange rates. Immediate concerns over the situation in Spain and Greece hurt confidence significantly, with weak economic growth across the globe adding to concerns. However, market sentiment and the euro have picked up considerably in recent sessions.

After the so-called progress that was made at the June EU Summit, there have been no material developments. The peripheral bond markets are always a good indicator of market tensions with regard to the debt crisis and Spanish 10-year bonds have hit fresh euro-era highs above 7.6% in recent weeks, with equivalent Italian debt setting its own record above the 6.5% level. Whilst economic growth throughout the eurozone is contracting sharply, Spain is edging towards a full-blown bailout and Greece could yet fail to secure its next bailout tranche, which is essential if the country is to avoid collapse.

Economic conditions in the US continue to provide plenty of cause for concern. The US economy slowed from a pace of 2.8% in Q4 2011 to a pace of 1.5% in Q2 2012. Poor performance in the world’s largest economy stunted the US dollar’s progress in recent weeks by increasing speculation that the US Federal Reserve is edging towards introducing the much-debated QE3 measure. However, the Fed’s recent meeting produced yet more ‘wait-and-see’ rhetoric, which has taken some weight off the dollar for the time being.

News out of the UK has also been far from comforting. Recent data has indicated that the domestic economy contracted by 0.7%, which is a shockingly poor figure well below expectations. The Bank of England has introduced another round (£50bn worth) of quantitative easing and the government has initiated an interesting new Funding for Lending Scheme to encourage banks to step up lending, but the effects of these are some way from being felt. In the meantime, UK growth is expected to remain very weak indeed. Sterling still holds some safe-haven demand, though this may be insufficient for it to avoid losses against the euro and dollar this month.

GBP/EUR

Having hit near four-year highs up towards €1.29, this pair has since erased its gains and at the current level of €1.26, it is back where it started in July. Whilst we do maintain that the pound will remain on its longer term uptrend, we anticipate some further short-term sterling softness in the coming weeks.

Spain spooked the markets in July, with borrowing costs soaring well above the 7.0% level amid a request from the Spanish regional government of Valencia’s request for financial aid and concerns of similar emergency needs across Spain’s regions. Spain’s banks have already agreed a bailout with international creditors and it has certainly discussed a full-blown sovereign bailout with Germany, which continues to demonstrate growing bailout-fatigue. In terms of austerity and economic reforms, PM Rajoy is doing all he can but investors are still hammering Spain in the bond markets. A sovereign bailout is looking increasingly unavoidable.

Last week’s ECB meeting was the most eagerly-awaited in a very long time but the market was left wondering what could have been. Draghi had a plethora of options available to him and after he stated that he would do “whatever it takes” to preserve the euro, he delayed any action whatsoever. The decision not to cut interest rates was unanimous after June’s 0.25% reduction, despite ECB President Draghi predicting that the eurozone economy is likely to recover only very gradually, whilst noting significant risks to further deterioration. Q2 was an awful one for the eurozone, with weakness in the periphery spreading to core states including Germany. The latest German and French manufacturing figures reveal a sharp contraction and eurozone unemployment remains a major issue, having recently reached a fresh record high of 11.2%.

Draghi disappointed the markets by suggesting that the European Stability Mechanism will not be granted a banking license, which had been previously indicated by an ECB policymaker and would have greatly increased the bailout funds’ firepower. Importantly, Draghi indicated that the ECB may move to buy up peripheral debt to ease pressure in the bond markets, but his comments fell short of a pre-commitment, never mind concrete action. German resistance to ECB bond-buying and demands for fiscal restraints represent a key obstacle to ECB emergency action.

Whilst alarm bells ring in the eurozone, the UK economy is also in a very weak state, which is best demonstrated by the recent-0.7% GDP figure from Q2, leaving the UK economy firmly in recession. Initial signs have not been positive for Q3 either; the UK manufacturing sector posted its worst figure in three years and the UK services sector gave its worst showing in eighteen months in July.

The Bank of England is clearly concerned with economic conditions in the UK, having introduced another round of quantitative easing in July to support the economy. The MPC voted 7-2 in favour of the £50bn top-up and there were suspicions that another dose would be approved at its recent August meeting in response to the latest shock GDP figure, though sterling has been spared this development. The government has also taken its own action to try to drag the UK out of recession in the form of its Funding for Lending initiative, designed to incentivise UK banks to increase lending, something that the Project Merlin initiative failed to do.

It needn’t be all pessimism towards the UK economy; there remains some fairly strong scepticism over the reliability of the awful initial Q2 UK GDP figure and in combination with the improved weather conditions, hopes for a significantly stronger second half of the year are not misplaced. The effects of the additional round of QE, the Funding for Lending programme should help the UK return to growth, though this may have to wait until Q4. Unfortunately though, initial expectations that the London Olympics will add 0.5% to UK GDP this year are receding.

The sharper than expected recession has highlighted the question marks over the UK’s treasured AAA credit rating. Rating agency Moody’s has retained its negative outlook for the UK’s credit rating, though fears have been quelled somewhat by Standard & Poor’s recent reaffirmation of the UK’s top rating with a stable outlook.

Sterling is trading at €1.26 at present, which represents a pretty aggressive decline from its multi-year high of €1.2878. With weak UK growth figures set to flow this month, we expect this rate to retrace further in the coming weeks down to €1.25. There is a risk that this pair will revisit its June lows of €1.2270 but on balance we think this is unlikely.

GBP/USD

Sterling has remained range-bound against the US dollar over the past month, fluctuating between $1.54 and $1.57. The news out of the US economy has broadly been very disappointing; June’s labour figures were alarmingly poor, manufacturing data was shaky and retail sales contracted sharply. In addition, the US economic growth rate of 1.9% (annualised) in Q1 slowed down to 1.5% in Q2 - almost half of the rate we were seeing at the end of last year.

Naturally, weak growth figures saw bets on QE3 ramped up yet again, which has been a thorn in the US dollar’s side for some time now. Ben Bernanke disappointed the market yet again in his July US Federal Reserve Press Conference. There was no QE3 announcement, nor any real signals that a move is imminent. Clearly this is good news for the US dollar, if not for global market confidence.

The recent release of July’s US non-farm payrolls figure should free up the US dollar to make some gains this month. Data revealed that 163 thousand jobs were added to the payrolls in July, which represents the best showing in five months and should ease fears of a sharp slowdown in the US for now. One thing is certain though, QE3 will remain very much on the Fed’s list of options for the foreseeable future. We see the Fed pulling the trigger on QE3 at some point in Q4.

Despite Moody’s recent reaffirmation of the UK’s AAA credit rating, market confidence in the pound appears to be waning thanks to a steady flow of weak UK growth figures. More of the same can be expected this month and to make matters worse, anecdotal evidence suggests the Olympics will fail to provide the economic boost that was initially expected. The Bank of England held off from adding another dose of QE at its July meeting but suspicions of another top-up will grow with every negative piece of UK data.

We hold a negative view of the EUR/USD pair in the coming weeks, based on continued uncertainty on all fronts; sharp contraction in eurozone growth, a possible Spanish bailout, Greek uncertainty and a continued imbalance between talk and genuine action. If EUR/USD heads down towards $1.21 as we expect, then this would almost ensure GBP/USD declines even if UK news is positive. Given that we expect news out of the UK to be negative, we feel this pair’s downturn could be quite aggressive. A move down $1.52 looks realistic in the coming weeks.

Richard Driver

Analyst – Caxton FX
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Market fears reach new heights as Spain edges closer to a sovereign bailout

The bad news for the euro just keeps on flowing. Spanish 10-year bond yields have now risen to a fresh euro-era high above 7.60%, which is a fairly accurate bellwether of market tensions that have built towards Spain and the debt crisis as a whole in recent sessions. Sustained yields above 7.0% pushed Greece, Portugal and Ireland into requesting a bailout and the chances of Spain following suit are rising all the time – another few weeks at current levels and Spain may have no choice but to ask for help.

Meanwhile, German 10-year bonds have recently fallen as low as 1.14%, and 6-month bond yields have even dipped in to negative territory; such is the appetite for safe havens, investors are actually willing to accept losses just to park their funds in the safety of German short-term debt.

The Spanish regional govenrment of Valencia has asked the central government for financial aid, and six other regions including Catalonia and Murcia are expected to do the same. Considering a €100bn bailout was only signed off for Spain’s crumbling bank sector on Friday, these signs of panic from Spain’s regions are the last thing Spanish PM Rajoy needs, particularly as he is trying to quell market fears by insisting that Spain will not require a full-blown sovereign bailout. Spain’s economy minister De Guindos is meeting his German counterpart Schaeuble today and there will be suspicions that a full sovereign bailout will be considered.

The IMF may well be hardening its stance on granting aid to failing eurozone economies, if the rumours of a possible withheld contribution towards Greece’s next aid tranche. So again, these Spanish headlines have come at unfortunate moment.

Spain is continuing to call for intervention from the ECB, De Guindos said on Saturday that "somebody has to bet on the euro and now, given the architecture of Europe isn't changed - who can make this bet but the ECB." If the ECB restarts its programme of buying up distress debt, then Spain can stop paying such high borrowing costs. The ECB has stood firm on this issue for nineteen straight weeks, claiming that the lead on solving the debt crisis should be taken by EU politicians. Stodgy progress in this regard is likely to force the ECB’s hand in the end, particularly as Italy edges closer to disaster.

Spain has major repayments to be made by October, so a full-scale Spanish bailout could well come before then. Amid all these concerns around Spain, Greece is heading towards the exit door, so it should to come as a surprise when we reiterate our bearish view of the euro.

Adam Highfield
Analyst – Caxton FX
For the latest forex news and views, follow us on twitter @caxtonfx and sign up to our daily report.

Caxton FX Weekly Outlook: further pain in store for euro

Spanish debt concerns drive GBP/EUR even higher

Spanish 10-year bond yields are up at 7.50% today, which represents yet another fresh euro-era high. One of Spain’s largest regional governments, Valencia, has requested financial help from the central government, and there are plenty of indications that more regions will follow suit. This has triggered widespread fears that the Spanish sovereign itself will need a formal bailout, in addition to the bailout that was signed off for the country’s banks on Friday. In addition, the Bank of Spain has said today that the country’s economy shrunk by 0.4% in Q2, in addition to its 0.3% contraction in Q1.

Greece is also back in the headlines this week; reports have emerged that the IMF may not contribute to the next aid tranche that the country needs by September to avoid insolvency. The IMF, along with the rest of the Troika, will be in Greece this week assessing the country’s spending cuts and reforms. The Troika seems highly likely to give a negative assessment of Greek progress.

On top of these debt–related issues, the week ahead presents plenty of risks for the euro in terms of economic data. Tomorrow’s set of eurozone, German and French PMI growth figures are expected to remain at very weak levels, in fact almost entirely in contraction territory. Wednesday brings a key German business climate survey, which is expected to hit a fresh-two year low. All of this negative eurozone data is likely to increase speculation as to another interest rate cut from the ECB early next month.

MPC minutes do little to hurt the pound

The MPC’s meeting minutes revealed a 7-2 vote in favour of the July quantitative easing decision, which is no great surprise in light of poor UK growth data, weak domestic inflation and rising risks from the eurozone. Sterling has actually weathered the recent domestic quantitative easing storm very well and we are not expecting another dose of QE in the next few months, if at all (provided a rapid deterioration in eurozone conditions can be avoided). An interest rate cut was discussed at the MPC’s last meeting, but we expect this will be the committees’ last resort and we are not expecting this will be utilized this year.

The week ahead brings the preliminary UK GDP figure for the second quarter of the year. Consensus expectations are of a 0.2% contraction and whilst an undershoot of this estimate would likely apply some short-term pressure on sterling, we still take a positive view of sterling moving forward, as we do of all safer-currencies.

The week ahead also brings the advance US GDP figure for the second quarter. A further slowdown is expected, though until the Fed makes some clear signals as to QE3, the dollar should remain on the offensive.

End of week forecast

GBP/EUR posted fresh 3 ½ year highs up towards €1.29 over the weekend and while the pair is trading only marginally above the €1.28 level at present, we expect new highs to be reached soon. €1.30 has come into view quicker than we expected and is now a realistic target in the coming fortnight. Heavy losses in the EUR/USD, which itself it trading at more than a two-year low below $1.21, have taken their toll on GBP/USD. Sterling has given back two cents to the dollar since last Friday, and is currently trading at $1.55. We expect this pair to revisit the $1.54 level in the coming sessions. Soaring peripheral bond yields should ensure global stocks remain under pressure, which is likely to pave the way for further dollar gains.

GBP / EUR 1.2925
GBP / USD 1.54
EUR / USD 1.1920
GBP / AUD 1.5200

Richard Driver
Analyst – Caxton FX
For the latest forex news and views, follow us on twitter @caxtonfx and sign up to our daily report.

The Swedish Krona has had a good run but the game could be up

Data has revealed that the Swedish economy took a surprise upturn in the first quarter of this year. This improved domestic economic performance has given the Riksbank the confidence to leave interest rates unchanged for the second consecutive meeting, though there remain calls for another cut within the central bank’s ranks.

A brighter picture in Sweden has coincided with a mild recovery in global equities and risk appetite, in the wake of May’s crisis of eurozone confidence. Greece has managed to form a coalition government and concerns surrounding a messy Greek default and exit from the eurozonehave eased, for the time being at least. Spain’s situation looked capable of spiralling out of control, with the country’s 10-year bond yields setting new euro-area records up above the dangerous 7.0% mark. Some progress has been made with regard to Spain; an agreement has been reached for the bailout of its banks and some unexpected decisions made at the recent EU Summit have eased some short-term concerns.

Whilst market confidence has turned distinctly negative in recent sessions, the positive Swedish data in recent weeks has provided plenty of support for the Swedish krona, suggestive of a strong second half of the year for the Swedish economy. However, we view the risks to market sentiment and developments in the debt crisis to be heavily skewed to the downside. As such we don’t see too much more upside for the krona from here over the next couple of months.

GBP/SEK

After this pair peaked close to 11.50 in mid-May, the krona has rebounded impressively over the past two months. Sterling has struggled against many of the riskier currencies in recent weeks. Global stocks have staged an impressive recovery from their May sell-off and the krona has tracked that bounce inrisk appetite.

Events in the UK have not helped sterling’s cause of late. Growth data has been consistently weak, suggesting there will be no swift bounce back out of the double-dip recession that the UK has found itself in. Data confirmed the UK economy contracted by 0.3% in Q1 and we expect another contraction in UK GDP in Q2. The Bank of England’s response to fading domestic activity has been to introduce yet more quantitative easing, which is of course a negative for the pound. This factor has contributed to GBP/SEK’s poor performance over the past couple of months.

The Riksbank decided to leave its interest rate at the current level of 1.50% in July. Only two votes out of six were in favour of another cut to the Riskbank’s base rate, with the majority satisfied with the upturn in Swedish activity. The Swedish economy grew by 0.8% between Q4 2011 and Q1 2012 and the Riskbank is expecting overall growth of 0.6% this year, up from previous estimates of 0.4%. We have seen some positive figures comes out of Q2 as well;Swedish industrial production rose by an impressive 3.0% in May, while industrial orders rose by 4.5%, which has sparked a good degree of optimism surrounding the Swedish growth outlook.

There remains plenty of reason for caution. Swedish unemployment is rising (up at 4.4% from 4.0%) and the Swedish economy remains very vulnerable to deteriorating eurozone conditions. This second factor will ensure that another interest rate cut later this year is always a possibility, but on balance we expect the Riksbank to hold fire. We don’t see much further downside for this pair and expect a bounce back above the 11.00 mark over the coming weeks.

EUR/SEK

This pair has come under some aggressive selling pressure in the past two months. The risks of economic disaster posed by the eurozone debt crisis are building every monthand this has seen the single currency take another sharp turn for the worse.

The short-term risks posed by Greece have eased now that a coalition government is in place but when the bailout term negotiations commence there is plenty of scope for alarm bells. Concerns over Spain have more than stepped in to fill the void; its banking sector has had to seek a bailout and despite significant progress at the recent EU Summit, Spanish bond yields remain dangerously close to 7.0%.

Investors are still sceptical towards the euro and rightly so – no long-term solution is in sight; the bailout funds are still insufficient, Germany continues to obstruct the introduction of Eurobonds, peripheral borrowing costs remain high and eurozone growth is contracting. Even the progress made at the recent EU Summit has been placed in doubt by the German constitutional court delaying ratification of the ESM changes and the fiscal pact. In addition, the euro’s yield differential has once again been reduced by a 0.25% ECB interest rate cut (to 0.75%) this month, with further monetary easing in the form of another rate cut or cheap loan offering likely this summer.

With the euro losing ground across the board, the SEK is shining out as a safer European alternative backed by stable domestic economic growth and low debt levels. There are plenty of rumours that the SEK is a popular target with the Swiss National Bank as it continues its project of recycling the euros it acquires whilst weakening the CHF.

This pair is trading at an 11 ½ half year low; whilst we do not expect any major progress in the eurozone over the next couple of months, we do expect to see this pair to benefit from a minor bounce after its sharp recent decline. The SEK remains vulnerable to major panic in the eurozone. A bounce up towards 8.80 over the coming weeks looks a good bet.

USD/SEK

As one of the safest currencies available, the US dollar has been a strong performer since early May, which has helped this pair continue the uptrend that has played out over the past year. Eurozone fears have reached new heights and the safe-haven dollar always strengthens in this environment.

The US dollar has not been without its own domestic issues though; the US economy slowed down sharplyover the first half of 2012, the Q1 GDP figure was revised down to 1.9% (y/y) from 2.2%. Consistently soft figures out of the US labour market in particular have ramped up speculation that the US Federal Reserve will announce a third round of quantitative easing (QE3). Regardless of the risks of QE3 this year though, we envisage enough safe-haven demand for the dollar to outperform.

We envisage plenty more gains for the US dollar in the second half of this year, with USD/SEK heading back up towards it recent highs around 7.30 in the coming few weeks, with fresh highs above 7.50 likely towards the end of Q3.

NOK/SEK

The Norwegian economy continues to shine, having grown by 1.1% in the first quarter of this year. The latest updates in terms of Norwegian manufacturing and industrial production were positive and retail sales growth was particularly impressive in May. There is no doubt that the Norwegian economy is proving extremely resilient to the global and eurozone economic downturn that has developed this year. Rising investment in Norway’s lucrative oil sector is providing steady support to growth and with forward-looking economic surveys looking positive;the Norges Bank has revised its GDP forecasts upward to 3.75% from 3.25% for 2012.

Clearly the Norges Bank has been eager to highlight the external threats to the Norwegian economy, most notably from the eurozone debt crisis. Indeed it stated in June that “turbulence and weak growth prospects abroad suggest the key policy rate should be kept on hold.”However, the Norges Bank is one of the few global central banks not inclined towards easier monetary policy and we currently expect an interest rate hike from the Norges bank around the turn of 2013. Of course, this will be highly sensitive to developments in the eurozone and how drastically this affects Norwegian exports.

The Norwegian krone is still a commodity currency and although Norway’s strong economic fundamentals have to a large extent offset the effects of declining oil prices on the krone, the slide has still weighed on the currency. Since the uncertainty triggered by the Greek elections in early May, the price of Brent crude has declined by almost 20% from $120 to under $100 per barrel.

This factor has contributed to a sharp downward correction in the NOK/SEK rate, dragging it down from two-year highs above 1.20 to current levels just above 1.14. We consider these levels to be much too low and are confident that we will see a strong bounce off these lows up towards 1.18 over the next few weeks.

Richard Driver
Analyst – Caxton FX

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Caxton FX July Currency Report: EUR, USD, GBP

Euro enjoys some respite but looks poised for another decline

It’s been a volatile few weeks with market sentiment chopping and changing, amid several important eurozone and US developments. Despite increasingly poor US growth data, the market was deprived the decision from the US Federal Reserve to introduce quantitative easing. Global economic growth in general is on a clear downtrend trend and investor confidence remains extremely fragile as a result.

From the eurozone though, we have at least seen some rare progress. The second attempt at the Greek general election produced the ‘least worst’ result and a coalition government has finally been formed. This development has eased short-term concerns of a messy default and a ‘Grexit’ but the real progress is yet to be made. Greece still needs to find a way of renegotiating the crippling terms of its bailout agreement, though Merkel’s tough stance provides plenty of scope for deadlock.

Euphoria relating to the avoidance of a Greek disaster (for now) was short-lived, with concerns towards Spain quickly taking hold. Spain’s bailout request for its troubled banks comes amid a host of downgrades to both the sovereign and its banks’ credit ratings, while soaring government bond yields threaten to force Spain itself into a bailout request.

Crucially, the results of the recent EU Summit exceeded expectations by some distance. Commitments were made on a more flexible use of the EU’s rescue funds in the sovereign bond markets (though details were conspicuous in their absence). Importantly, the EU rescue funds will be able to shore up Spain’s banks directly rather than being channeled via the government’s already debt –laden books. It was also confirmed that those loans would not have senior creditor status, easing concerns from private bondholders that they would be last in the queue for debt repayments.

June was an eventful month in terms of the UK economy as well, with speculation rife over Bank of England monetary policy. The Monetary Policy Committee made no changes in June, though the minutes from its meeting and subsequent comments were very revealing as to its next move. David Miles, the lone dove in favour of quantitative easing in May was joined by three other MPC members in June. We are expecting the pro-QE camp to secure a majority at its meeting this week, though the impact on sterling should be minimal.

GBP/EUR

Sterling poised for higher climbs against the euro

Sterling has edged higher against the single currency, which continues to suffer from the pressures of the debt crisis. Whilst EU leaders have made some steps in the right direction of late, we still see stalling eurozone progress pushing sterling higher against the single currency.

Sterling’s gains may be a little surprising given that news from the UK economy has been consistently negative; the UK manufacturing and construction sectors remain in the doldrums, while UK services sector continues to grow but is unable to pick up the slack. Data out of the labour market has been typically poor and the Q1 GDP contraction has been confirmed as -0.3%. Disappointingly, the Q4 GDP figure for 2011 was revised down from -0.3% to -0.4%, though such backward-looking data was not damaging to sterling.

There have been some small pockets of optimism, with UK retail sales bouncing back impressively from April’s collapse but as emphasised by Bank of England policymakers in recent weeks, the risks posed by the eurozone debt crisis are great and the UK’s prospects are highly uncertain. Overall, UK growth data over past three months (Q2) points is indicative of another contraction in UK GDP, so the double-dip recession rolls on.

Accordingly, we now fully expect the MPC to introduce another round of quantitative easing at its next meeting on July 5th. The UK inflation rate dropped from 3.0% to 2.8% in May, which along with ever-increasing concerns over UK growth as expressed in last month’s MPC minutes, seems almost certain to push the MPC into additional monetary stimulus this week. With regard to a cut to the BoE’s record-low interest rate of 0.50%, the issue has certainly been discussed by the MPC but QE is looking the preferred route to supporting the domestic economy at present.

EU leaders take some steps in the right direction

Unsurprisingly, conditions in the eurozone were extremely volatile in June and this will doubtless remain the case in July. While New Democracy may have secured a narrow victory in the re-run of the Greek general election and formed a coalition government, the renegotiation of Greece’s bailout agreement is bound to place Greece uncomfortably under the spotlight once again in the coming weeks. Greece’s negotiations with the Troika over its bailout terms are expected to take place on July 24th, so expect some major uncertainty around this date.

Importantly, the EU Summit has eased concerns surrounding Spain by producing an agreement to allow the EU’s rescue fund to directly recapitalise its banks, rather than adding to the sovereign’s debt to GDP ratio and driving up its borrowing costs. Market players were also extremely relieved to learn that bailout loans to Spanish banks will not be granted senior creditor status and that the eurozone rescue funds will be used more flexibly to allow peripheral bond-buying.

Nonetheless, the euro has been sold after its recent rally, which goes to show the scepticism and doubts that remain with regard to the future of the eurozone. Growth-wise in Q2, the euro-area could be looking at the worst quarterly growth figure in three years. There are also still huge implementation risks to the decisions that were made at the EU Summit, as shown by Finland and the Netherland’s recent pledge to block any bond-buying by the eurozone’s bailout funds.

The eurozone’s €500bn bailout resources are still inadequate and Merkel continues to stand firm against the introduction of Eurobonds. Progress was certainly made at the EU Summit but they were crisis management decisions, rather than decisions which can fundamentally change the direction of the debt crisis. No long-term solution is in sight and in addition, the ECB is set to reduce the euro’s yield differential this week by cutting its interest rate from 1.00% by at least 0.25%.

In short, we remain bearish on the euro and continue to favour the safety of sterling. There should be several opportunities to buy euros with the interbank above €1.25, while there is a significant chance of seeing this pair test its 3 ½ year highs of €1.2575.

GBP/USD

Sterling looking vulnerable against the greenback after strong run

The US dollar traded rather softly for much of June, which was not wholly surprising given the huge rally it enjoyed in May. The dollar has been held back by profit-taking in the wake of the USD’s May rally. It has also been hemmed in by fears (or hopes, depending on your exposure) that the US Federal Reserve will decide to usher in further quantitative easing (QE3). QE3, if it comes, will boost risk appetite away from the US dollar as investors target higher-yielding assets.

In its June 20th meeting and subsequent announcement, the Fed decided not to pull the trigger on QE3 and the dollar responded positively as you would expect. US data has without doubt increased the chances of QE3; figures from the retail and manufacturing sectors have been particularly disappointing, while consumer sentiment has also taken a turn for the worse. Most importantly as far as the Fed is concerned, key growth data from the US labour market weakened for the fifth consecutive month in June. Nonetheless for now, the Fed is keeping its powder dry with regard to QE3, holding it back to deal with a potentially even greater deterioration in US growth.

US dollar to bounce back

As shown by the knee-jerk response to the recent EU Summit, progress on the eurozone debt crisis can always lift market confidence to weaken the dollar. However, as shown by the market’s fading post-Summit enthusiasm, investors are proving increasingly hard to convince.

We think that the tough resistance that EUR/USD is meeting at levels above $1.27 will hold, which should usher in a move lower and possibly a retest of May’s lows below $1.24. GBP/USD is meeting resistance at $1.57 and we also think this resistance level will hold, making a move lower for this pair equally likely. We consider current levels to be a strong level (in the current circumstances) at which to buy dollars, with the rate heading back down to $1.55 in July.

Monthly Forecasts

GBP/EUR: €1.2550
GBP/USD: $1.55
EUR/USD: $1.24

Richard Driver
Analyst – Caxton FX
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Euro rallies on EU Summit, but the positivity is already waning

EU Summit far exceeds market expectations, fuelling euro rally

Market confidence in the build-up to last week’s EU Summit was pretty much at rock bottom. Angela Merkel’s continued tough stance on eurobonds seemed to indicate a wider deadlock between Germany on one side and struggling eurozone nations such as France, Spain and Italy on the other.

In the early hours of Friday morning, EU chief Herman Van Rompuy announced several decisions which gave risk appetite and market sentiment a major boost. Two key questions left by the Spanish bank bailout deal were answered. First, the bailout funds will be able to directly recapitalize Spain’s banks, without adding to the debt-to-GDP ratio of Spain as a whole and forcing its borrowing costs up. Second, the bailout loans will not be given senior creditor status, easing concerns that private bondholders will not see their investments completely written off. In addition, pledges were made that the bailout funds will be able to invest in
distressed bonds directly, again relieving concerns around the Italian and Spanish bond markets.

Clearly the markets were impressed by these decisions and they certainly buy some more time but they don’t amount to a silver bullet solution to the debt crisis by any stretch of the imagination. We still lack any detail on the fundamental issue of longer-term fiscal union and whilst the bailout resources can be used more flexibly now, though its size remains inadequate.

ECB and BoE both set to make moves this week

ECB Chief Economist Peter Praet stated recently that “there is no doctrine that interest rates cannot fall below 1 percent.” Comments such as these lead us to believe that the ECB is set to cut its already record-low 1.00% interest rate to 0.75%. There is a significant risk that the ECB will cut rates to 0.50%, in light of weak eurozone growth data and fading inflationary risks. Whilst the market is likely to be grateful that the ECB is taking action, the reduction in the euro’s interest rate differential is likely to be a negative for the single currency in the longer-term.

We expect the Bank of England to introduce further quantitative easing on Thursday, in light of the distinctly dovish tone within last month’s MPC minutes and the four votes in favour of QE that they revealed. Only one more dovish voter is required for a majority in favour of QE and we believe this will come on Thursday. The move looks to be fully priced in though, so sterling has already taken the pain in relation to this move. Wednesday’s UK services figure will be watched closely on Wednesday, a slowdown is expected.

The dollar has suffered a significant sell-off amid booming risk appetite in the aftermath of the EU Summit. We maintain a bullish outlook for the US dollar moving forward, although the week ahead brings with it significant risks. Friday’s US non-farm payroll is expected to show a mild improvement but amid the softness in US growth data of late it would be no surprise to see the result undershoot expectations.

The euro’s rally has already run out of steam; GBP/EUR is trading up above €1.2450 and EUR/USD’s has pared back from $1.27 to below $1.26. We continue to target levels well above €1.25 for sterling. A further decline in the EUR/USD pair will surely weigh on GBP/USD, which is coming up against stiff resistance around $1.57.

End of week forecast
GBP / EUR 1.2550
GBP / USD 1.54
EUR / USD 1.2475
GBP / AUD 1.57

Richard Driver

Analyst – Caxton FX
For the latest forex news and views, follow us on twitter @caxtonfx and sign up to our daily report.

Cyprus joins the queue for aid and the euro is looking vulnerable

Cyprus has become the fifth Eurozone country to apply to Brussels for an emergency bailout, after similar calls for help from Portugal, Ireland, Greece and Spain. Heavy dependence on the Greek economy has pushed Cyprus into this corner. The Cypriot banking sector is oversized for a country with only one million residents and it suffered badly from significant write-downs on Greek sovereign bonds. Cyprus hasn’t been able to access the debt markets since 2011 since being downgraded to ‘junk’ status by Moody’s and S&P, Fitch’s move to follow suit yesterday provided the final push to force the country into a bailout request.

In the very short-term, €1.8bn (around 10% of its domestic output) is required to recapitalise its second largest bank, Cyprus Popular Bank, while its largest bank, Bank of Cyprus has reportedly called for aid of around €500 million. Plenty more will be required for state financing and the country really requires a buffer from any further spillover effects from Greece.

The bailout is expected to amount to approximately €10 billion, which is equal to over half of the Cypriot GDP, currently standing at €17.3 billion. Along with the Spanish application for bailout funds for its banks, Cyprus’ bailout application has today been formally accepted by the Eurogroup. The funds will come from either the European Financial Stability Facility (EFSF) or the European Stability Mechanism (ESM) when it becomes active. This comes after controversial but ultimately unsuccessful bailout negotiations with Russia and China. Dimitris Christofias, the Cypriot president, had expressed his wariness of the strict conditions that would come with an EU bailout. In particular, Cyprus’ rock bottom (10%) corporate tax threshold may be a cost of the bailout request. The terms of the bailout will surface in the coming weeks.

In terms of the impact on overall sentiment towards the eurozone, the Cypriot request for a bailout will not in itself weigh too heavily. Whilst it is another worrying example of debt contagion and does build on increasingly negative eurozone sentiment, Cyprus is the eurozone’s third smallest economy and this bailout request been a long time coming. Market nerves at the moment are more firmly fixed on the eurozone’s fourth-largest economy- Spain. The euro is posting significant losses across the board; the key EUR/USD pair looks likely to retest its multi-month lows of $1.2285 in the near future.


Adam Highfield
Analyst – Caxton FX
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Spain requests bailout and adds to the euro’s woes

Spain formally requested assistance from its Eurozone partners on Monday, in light of the continued deterioration of its domestic banks. Luis de Guindos, the Spanish Economy Minister, sent the letter to Jean-Claude Juncker, who heads the group of Eurozone finance ministers, in the hope of obtaining a bailout loan thought to be in the region of €100bn. However, a lack of detail over the size of the bailout is a source of considerable market uncertainty. The news was fully expected following weeks of speculation over the condition of Spanish banks, and following the first call for help on 9th June.


What is also a source of nerves is where the bailout funds will come from. The recent bank restructuring in Ireland could be used as a precedent, in which case the loans would be channeled from the existing bailout fund, the European Financial Stability Mechanism, into Spain’s Fund for Orderly Bank Restructuring (Frob), which in turn will direct the money to those banks that need it. In this model, the loans would rank equally with private bondholders. If the loans come from the European Stability Mechanism, the new bailout fund, they will rank as senior debt and with the Greek haircuts fresh in the memory, the result would be investors hitting Spain will higher borrowing costs. The former option looks to be the likely choice. Another key concern is that as the bailout loans are likely to be channeled through Spain’s government, this means adding billions to Spain’s sovereign debt and increasing the country’s debt-to-GDP ratio considerably (from 70% to 80%). Again, this will have implications in Spain’s credit rating and borrowing costs.

These two factors are already an issue; Moody’s has downgraded Spanish debt to Baa3 (one higher than ‘speculative’), as well as issuing 28 fresh downgrades to Spain’s banks yesterday. This has resulted in a rise in the yield on Spanish 10-year debt to 7%, the government appears to be edging towards a sovereign bailout. Whilst in the short-term a bailout of the eurozone’s fourth largest economy would be a huge source of huge panic, a Spanish bailout may be the kick that EU leaders need to finally break ground on a long-term path to solving the debt crisis. Only time will tell.

So how has the euro responded? The Greek election result provided only a temporary respite and with the ongoing issue of the Greek bailout renegotiation ahead Spain edging closer to disaster, market tensions are rising. The euro has suffered a downwards correction in the past few sessions, dipping from $1.27 to $1.25, and allowing GBP/EUR to climb from €1.24 to €1.25. We maintain a negative outlook for the euro.

The EU Summit at the end of this week provides ample opportunity to calm market nerves, though the track record of these crisis meetings producing major progress is not a good one. Merkel has been typically stubborn on issues such as mutualised debt (Eurobonds) and with the Greek PM ill, no progress is likely to be made on the Greek bailout issue. Decisions with regard to Spain will be crucial if stocks are to avoid a further sell-off and if building pressures in the bond markets are to ease. The euro could be poised for a move lower.

Adam Highfield

Caxton FX

Spain confirms bailout request and the euro heads lower

The euro’s recovery shows signs of topping out in absence of QE3

The first three weeks of June were excellent ones for the euro but the past three sessions have punishing ones for the single currency. The Fed’s decision last Wednesday night not to pull the trigger on QE3, much to the disappointment of many market players, has seen the dollar strengthen significantly.

We also saw some awful economic data out of the eurozone at the end of last week. Monthly German manufacturing growth hit almost a three year-low, a German business climate survey hit a two-year low and growth data from the eurozone as a whole was distinctly poor as you might expect.

The Spanish Economy Minister has today formally requested a bailout to recapitalize its ailing banking sector, though the details as to the size of this bailout have not yet emerged. Unless funds well in excess of the €100bn bailout (which has been assumed) are offered, then market fears of an insufficient bailout are likely to persist. What we also do not know is whether the bailout will be granted via the Spanish government or whether the sovereign will be bypassed. The likelihood is that Spain will shoulder the loans, which will add to the country’s mounting debt. It is hard for the market to respond positively to this bailout, as it is just a liquidity solution; the fundamental issue of rising debt remains unaddressed. To add to the negative sentiment towards Spain, Moody’s is expected to downgrade Spain’s credit rating once again this week.

EU leaders meet at a summit at the end of this week to tackle issues relating to Greece, Spain, a banking union, Eurobonds and much more. The market has today demonstrated its lack of faith that any groundbreaking progress will emerge from the EU Summit, with the euro declining sharply, Spanish and Italian bond yields rising and global stocks tumbling. Market confidence is very much on the wane, which is all good news for the US dollar.

MPC minutes point to QE call in July

Last week’s MPC minutes provided a surprise in revealing a 5-4 split (against QE) in the vote on whether to introduce more QE in June, after a voting pattern of 8-1 against in May. Posen had made it clear that he had jumped ship from the dovish camp prematurely, so his QE vote was expected. However, the additional voting shifts from BoE Governor Mervyn King and Paul Fisher were a genuine surprise. In light of the surprise decline in UK inflation from 3.0% to 2.8% in May, as well as the overtly dovish language expressed in last week’s minutes, we fully expect the doves to gain a majority in the quest for more QE in July. This should not weigh on the pound though, as a July move is fully priced in.

The week ahead brings familiarly high levels of risk, with Spain and Italy both having to auction off some debt. The EU Summit is the main event and the potential for disappointment is all too clear. Because of this, sterling is trading at €1.2450 – a strong rate, which could well get even better by the end of the week. With BoE monetary easing now fully expected next month, the downside risks posed by UK data releases look rather limited. As ever, EU leaders have the capacity to trigger a major relief rally for the euro, though we remain sceptical.

Sterling has lost ground to the US dollar in recent sessions, hurt by a significant shift down in the EUR/USD pair. GBP/USD is now trading below $1.56 and we expect to see the dollar strengthen further this week.

End of week forecast
GBP / EUR 1.2475
GBP / USD 1.55
EUR / USD 1.2425
GBP / AUD 1.57

Richard Driver
Analyst – Caxton FX
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Greek election out the way but euro remains vulnerable

Greece votes in favour of the euro but market relief short-lived

The long-awaited Greek elections last Sunday produced the result the market wanted, but only to an extent. New Democracy - the main pro-bailout, pro-euro party – won the election, but by only the smallest of margins, so the uncertainty of coalition-forming remained. What also remains are the inevitable attempts to renegotiate Greece’s bailout terms by any coalition that does form. With Merkel sounding as tough as ever on Greece this week, negotiations are likely to be tense and drawn out.

The market has been to the brink several times before in the case of Greece and the euphoria in response to the Greek election result was understandably short-lived. Certainly the worst-case scenario – a victory for the leftist Syriza and a potential euro-exit- was avoided but investors know full well that Greece’s second bailout will not buy sufficient time for Greece to get its house in order in a permanent sense, so the country’s painful saga continues.

Spain is very much in the headlines at present, as the country’s 10-year bond yields have broken through the dreaded 7.0% level which has forced other eurozone nations into bailout requests. Spain has already reached an agreement for a €100bn bailout of its banking sector, but these borrowing costs could ensure the sovereign itself will be requesting a bailout before long. The delay to the second part of the audit of Spain’s banks until September has not helped sentiment one bit, with suggestions being made that Spain’s bank could need more than €100bn.

Germany is likely to be the next country to dominate the headlines, though unsurprisingly not due to economic weakness or high debt levels. June 29th will see the German parliament vote on the EU fiscal treaty and the creation of the permanent eurozone rescue fund. Any indications that Angela Merkel is losing her grip on power domestically are likely to weigh on the euro significantly. Nonetheless, Merkel is widely expected to prevail in the vote.

Sterling firm ahead of MPC minutes release

Tomorrow’s MPC minutes will reveal the voting pattern with respect to the introduction of further UK quantitative easing at the MPC’s June meeting. Today’s weak inflation data has already made the domestic environment a more QE-friendly one, though we look back to last week’s Mansion House for indicators that the majority of the MPC will have different ideas. King announced an £80bn ‘funding for lending’ speech, which suggests the BoE are looking at alternative ways of boosting UK growth.

This week also brings US Federal Reserve monetary policy into sharp focus, with the central bank meeting and giving its statement and economic projections on Wednesday. Increasingly weak US growth data has pressurised the dollar of late but we continue to bet that the Fed will hold fire for now.

Having dipped as low as €1.2270 last week, GBP/EUR is now trading at €1.24, which is a reflection of the market’s muted response to the Greek election. We remain confident that we will see May’s highs just below €1.26 before long, though developments in Greece and Spain could have the final say about just how soon this will be.

Sterling is trading at $1.57, thanks to fears that the Fed is edging towards QE3. The current retracement in the EUR/USD pair is not something we see being sustained much past $1.28, which leaves upside potential from the current $1.2660 level as pretty limited.

End of week forecast
GBP / EUR 1.25
GBP / USD 1.5650
EUR / USD 1.25
GBP / AUD 1.53

Richard Driver

Analyst – Caxton FX
For the latest forex news and views, follow us on twitter @caxtonfx and sign up to our daily report.

Spanish banks get some help but Greek elections loom

Pressures ease somewhat as Spanish banks receive €100bn bailout

The weekend headlines have revealed that Spain’s banks will be given the support they desperately need through €100bn of emergency EU funding. This is a decent signal of intent from the EU’s leaders; it buys Spain some time and eases concerns surrounding spiraling debt contagion in the eurozone, but it is far from a solution for Spain, never mind the eurozone as a whole. Indeed, the enthusiasm following the weekend’s bailout agreement already appears to have waned.

Growth-wise, eurozone data over the past fortnight has pointed evermore towards a dip back into negative territory in Q2 of 2012. Pressures are still very much being felt in the bond markets, with Spanish 10-year notes yielding almost 6.50% and Italy’s equivalent debt yielding almost 6.00%. Last week’s policy announcement from the ECB was notable in revealing that the central bank is reluctant to cut interest rates from the current 1.00% level. Perhaps more importantly ECB President Draghi is unwilling to step in and buy bonds on the secondary market. The ECB has made it clear that it will not fill the void left by the EU’s dithering leaders.

With Spain’s short-term pressures easing somewhat, the Greek saga comes back into view. This Sunday (June 17th) brings the Greek parliamentary elections, where there remains a significant risk of an anti-bailout coalition emerging. Feasibly, we could see another stalemate and another election called. The situation is incredibly uncertain and looks set to put the market on edge as the event draws closer.

Bank of England decides against QE, for now

Last week saw the Bank of England’s MPC decide against introducing another round of quantitative easing in June. The threat of more QE has been weighing on sterling of late, particularly amid a slew of weak UK growth figures. However, a surprisingly solid UK services figure may well have given some of the MPC policymakers the resolve to hold off on voting for more QE last Thursday. The minutes from the meeting, released next Wednesday, will clearly be very revealing on just how close the MPC’s call on QE was. For now though, sterling looks set to find some favour - it’s safe-haven status should be able to return to the fore as the Greek elections close in.

Elsewhere, US data has continued to point to a slowdown in recent weeks, though Ben Bernanke was unwilling to provide any clues as to the introduction of QE3 any time soon, which is dollar-supportive. He stressed the risks posed by the eurozone debt crisis to the US economy but his rhetoric smacked of a willingness to ‘wait and see.’

Sterling is trading at €1.24, with the euro having totally given back the gains it made on Sunday night as a result of the Spanish bailout progress. Nerves look likely to intensify ahead of the weekend’s Greek elections and as investors contemplate the possibility of a Greek exit from the eurozone once again, we are looking for sterling to climb back up towards €1.25 in the coming sessions.

Likewise we are looking for lower levels for EUR/USD. The euro’s relief rallies are proving more and more flimsy now as the debt crisis goes on. Another look at $1.24 is a distinct possibility, but for now it trades a cent and a half higher. A weaker EUR/USD pair will inevitably weigh on the GBP/USD pair, which currently trades at $1.5530. Whilst we believe sterling should be able to take a decent share of the safe-haven flows this month, we still view anything above $1.55 as a bit lofty.

End of week forecast
GBP / EUR 1.25
GBP / USD 1.5450
EUR / USD 1.2450
GBP / AUD 1.5800

Richard Driver
Analyst – Caxton FX
For the latest forex news and views, follow us on twitter @caxtonfx and sign up to our daily report.

Doom and gloom on the domestic front but GBP remains popular

The perpetual threat to the global financial system that is Greece has dominated the headlines in recent weeks. The country’s May 6th elections saw the ruling pro-bailout coalition fail to secure sufficient support from Greece’s angry electorate. This ushered in a month of huge uncertainty as the market looked ahead to another Greek election on June 17th; with speculation growing that Greece’s anti-bailout parties would curry enough favour to form a coalition. The logical result of a rejection of Greece’s second bailout agreement would be default and an exit from the euro, so it should come as no surprise that the euro suffered further declines.

The pound was a key beneficiary of these euro declines, despite the negative implications that the eurozone debt crisis has on the already dire state of the UK economy. Recent data not only confirmed that the UK entered a double-dip recession in Q1, but it contracted by 0.3% rather than the 0.2% initially estimated. Taken with April and May’s growth figures, which are pointing to a soft start to Q2, this has unsurprisingly triggered fresh speculation that the MPC will edge back towards introducing more quantitative easing in the second half of the year. We are doubtful in this regard, for now.

Sterling is trading at impressive levels against the euro and despite a period of profit-taking in the past week or so, it remains at strong levels against the majority of global currencies thanks to its safe-haven, euro-alternative tag. However, as usual there is one currency sterling can’t outperform in the strongly risk averse trading conditions that characterised most of May – the US dollar. The dollar has helped itself to some easy and significant gains across the board as the eurozone debt crisis forces market players to unwind their riskier positions in favour of the safest of assets.

GBP/EUR

Sterling remains firm and continues to threaten higher climbs against the euro, as conditions in the eurozone go from bad to worse. Uncertainty, as ever, is the buzz word. The pro-bailout New Democracy Party has edged ahead in the Greek opinion polls, which has lifted market hopes that the country can receive the additional funding it needs and remain ‘safely’ within the eurozone. But there is plenty more debate to be had in Greece and few will be truly confident of a positive result ahead of the fresh elections on June 17th. Yet another Greek election is a distinct possibility.

The chances of a messy ending to the Greek saga remain very high. Even if a pro-austerity, pro-bailout coalition does emerge out of this month’s elections, they will still have to find a way to deliver the major reforms and deficit reduction that the country’s €130bn bailout agreement requires – no mean feat. The EU Commission has recently reminded Greece that its bailout payments remain highly contingent but whoever wins this month’s elections, you can expect some desperate efforts to have the bailout terms relaxed to a significant degree.

Spain rings alarm bells

Greek concerns, though likely to return to the fore as the elections draw closer, have been put on the back burner for the time-being. True to form, another struggling eurozone nation has stepped up to fill the void – Spain, or more specifically, Spain’s banking sector. Bankia, Spain’s fourth-largest bank, requires €19bn worth of recapitalisation and it is becoming more and more apparent that Spain will need help to shore up its banking sector as a whole. The issue is having a significant impact on Spain’s government borrowing costs, with 10-year bond yields climbing dangerously towards the unsustainable 7.0% level.

As ever with this debt crisis, market fears build so much that they tend to become a self-fulfilling prophecy. In short, Spain is in very serious trouble and its government has admitted as much – requesting EU help with bank capitalisation. This is no minor development given that Spain is the eurozone’s fourth-largest economy and emergency help for Spain will inevitably turn the market’s gaze towards the third-largest – Italy.

UK economy still looks frail

The UK economy is looking particularly downbeat at present, having been hit with the confirmation that it is firmly in double-dip recession territory. Unsurprisingly, consumer confidence has taken a sharp downturn and weakness in UK growth figures has become alarmingly consistent. The last update from the UK labour market was a little more encouraging but we will need to see more than one good month before hoping for sustained improvements.

Amid all of this bad domestic economic news, as well as the grave threats posed by the eurozone debt crisis, it might be assumed that more quantitative easing is bound to be introduced by the Bank of England in order to drag the UK out of recession. Certainly the IMF has made its views known on the issue, encouraging the BoE to act soon to safeguard the UK economy.

However, the noises out of the MPC have not suggested that such a move is imminent, despite the recent sharp decline UK inflation from 3.5% to 3.0%. A key reason for this is that the BoE sees UK inflation in the medium term as equally likely to exceed its 2.0% target as undershoot it. In addition, Spencer Dale has recently stressed the argument that the recent quantitative easing doses are still feeding through to provide stimulus and that a further round is not appropriate at present. This position is supported by the recent improvement in UK money growth.

With only one MPC policymaker voting in favour of QE at the MPC’s May meeting, in the form of David Miles, there is plenty of dovish recruitment to be done in the coming months if the BoE is to pull the trigger again on further monetary easing. Sterling seems safe in this regard for June at least, though eurozone risks could feasibly escalate sufficiently to prompt BoE action in July or August.

Euro to weaken further

So, despite the UK economy sitting uncomfortably in a double-dip recession and facing a prolonged period of stagnant growth and ultra-low interest rates, sterling looks free to continue taking advantage of an increasingly euro-negative environment. Some major steps towards EU fiscal union will be required to ease market sentiment, and the obstacles to this are all too clear.

Sterling/euro hit heights of €1.2575 in mid-May but has come off those highs to the current level of €1.24. We envisage further gains for the relative safe-haven pound in June, with the Greek elections and rising Spanish bond yields providing plenty of motivation to exit the euro. €1.26 is a realistic target in the coming few weeks.

GBP/USD

Whilst sterling has enjoyed something of an easy ride against the troubled euro, against the US dollar it has been an altogether different story. Again, market uncertainty best explains the US dollar’s stellar performance in May. It’s fair to say that the market is in a state of panic at the moment, concerned with a ‘Grexit’ and most recently a ‘Spexit.’ Amid such monster question marks, there has been widespread flight to the safest assets such as the US dollar. Sterling may be markedly a safer alternative to the single currency, but its safe-haven status cannot compare with that of the greenback.

The rug has finally been pulled from underneath the EUR/USD pair. The scale of the eurozone’s current problems is now being reflected in the price of the euro; EUR/USD has declined by over 5.0% from $1.3150 to $1.25 in the space of just one month. We do see the EUR/USD pair considerably lower in the coming months, which will inevitably weigh on the GBP/USD pair.

The US dollar is not without its own domestic economic concerns, with recent data confirming that the US economy grew at an annualised pace of 1.9% in Q1, down from the initial estimate of 2.2% and well down from Q4 2011’s 3.0% pace of growth. Progress in the US labour market has also slowed right down, which has once again seen speculation that the US Federal Reserve will introduce QE3 step up a gear. Whilst the US economy is stalling as we enter the summer, it is still firmly in recovery mode. We continue to hold the view that the Fed will want to gather more evidence about the US recovery’s direction before pulling the trigger on more quantitative easing, so we view the current QE3 concerns as over-hyped.

Safe-haven dollar to outperform

Sterling has recently revisited January’s lows below $1.53, having suffered a 6.5% drop against the US dollar in the space of just four and a half weeks. Sterling has finally bounced against the US dollar and is currently trading at $1.55, but we think this will prove temporary. A consolidation period was always likely after such a steep drop, but we should see lower levels tested once this current bout of profit-taking on the dollar’s recent rally has run its course. Lower levels in the $1.51-1.52 area could well be seen in June as the negative eurozone headlines once again take their toll.

Caxton FX one month forecast:

GBP / EUR : 1.26

GBP / USD : 1.5150

EUR / USD : 1.2050

Richard Driver

Analyst – Caxton FX
For the latest forex news and views, follow us on twitter @caxtonfx and sign up to our daily report.